The very important and final phase of waste management is systematic treatment and disposal. Waste treatment can also rightfully be regarded as a preceding phase of waste disposal as waste treatment techniques, reducing the volume and toxicity, seeks to transform all sorts of waste into more convenient form for disposal. Normally, waste treatment and disposal methods are selected and used based on form, composition and quantity of waste materials.

Technological Principles

Waste treatments and disposal methods:

• Thermal Treatment : Heat is used to treat waste materlas, commnoly used thermal waste treatment techniques are Incineration, Gasification/pyrolysis and open burning
• Dumps and Landfills: Includes Sanitary landfills is most common waste disposal fields are desired to eliminate or reduce the risk of environmental or public health hazards. Controlls dumps are same as sanitary landfill, except that this have well-planed capacity. And Bioreactor Landfills uses microbiological processes to speedup waste decomposition
• Biological waste treatment: Composting is a controlled aerobic decomposition of waste organic materials by action of invertebrates and micro organisms . Anaerobic digestion is another biological treatment to decompose organic materials. Anaerobic digestion uses oxygen and bacteria free process. Biological treatments help to divert waste materials from landfills and promote organic recycling and renewable energy source.